Economy-2

类别:文学名著 作者:亨利·大卫·梭罗 本章:Economy-2

    Near t doo

    t to o build my

    o cut doall, arroill in

    timber.  It is difficult to begin

    borro per is t generous course to permit

    your felloo erest in your enterprise.  the owner

    of t, said t it he

    apple of  I returned it s.  It

    h pine woods,

    t on the pond, and a small open field in

    the ice in

    t yet dissolved, there were some open spaces,

    and it urated er.  there were

    some slig I here;

    but for t part o the railroad, on my way

    s yelloche hazy

    atmosphe

    lark and peo commence another year

    spring days, in wer of

    mans discontent

    orpid began to stretcself.  One day, when my axe had

    come off and I  a green  h

    a stone, and o soak in a pond-o

    sriped snake run into ter, and he lay

    on ttom, apparently  inconvenience, as long as I stayed

    ter of an

    yet fairly come out of torpid state.  It appeared to me t for

    a like reason men remain in t loive

    condition; but if the spring of

    springs arousing ty rise to a higher and

    more ety

    mornings in my pations of till numb and

    inflexible, ing for to t of April

    it rained and melted t of the day,

    over the

    pond and cackling as if lost, or like t of the fog.

    So I  on for some days cutting and imber, and also

    studs and rafters, all  having many

    communicable or scs, singing to myself, --

    Men say things;

    But lo! taken wings --

    ts and sciences,

    And a thousand appliances;

    t blows

    Is all t any body knows.

    I imbers six inc of tuds on

    ters and floor timbers on one side,

    leaving t of t t as straight

    and mucronger tick was carefully

    mortised or tenoned by its stump, for I ools by

    time.  My days in t very long ones; yet I

    usually carried my dinner of bread and butter, and read the

    ne noon, sitting amid the green

    pine boug off, and to my bread ed some

    of t of

    pitche

    pine tree, t doter

    acquainted .  Sometimes a rambler in ttracted

    by tted pleasantly over the chips

    which I had made.

    By te in my

    rat of it, my he

    raising.  I  ty of James Collins, an

    Irischburg Railroad, for boards.  James

    Collins sy was considered an uncommonly fine one.  hen I

    called to see it  at  tside, at

    first unobserved from

    tage roof, and not much

    else to be seen, t being raised five feet all around as if it

    part, though a good

    deal tle by there was none,

    but a perennial passage for the door board.  Mrs. C.

    came to to vie from the hens

    were driven in by my approac was dark, and  floor

    for t part, dank, clammy, and aguish, only here a board and

    t bear removal.  Sed a lamp to

    s the

    board floor extended under t to step into the

    cellar, a sort of dust  deep.  In hey

    ;good boards overhead, good boards all around, and a good

    ; -- of two w had passed

    out t ely.  tove, a bed, and a place to sit,

    an infant in t was born, a silk parasol,

    gilt-framed looking-glass, and a patent neo an

    oak sapling, all told.  the bargain was soon concluded, for James

    urned.  I to pay four dollars and

    ty-five cents tonigo vacate at five tomorrow morning,

    selling to nobody else meanake possession at six.  It

    icipate certain

    indistinct but  and

    fuel.  t six I passed

    heir all --

    bed, coffee-mill, looking-glass,  t; sook

    to t, and, as I learned afterward,

    trod in a trap set for  last.

    I took dohe nails,

    and removed it to tloads, spreading the

    boards on to bleache sun.

    One early te or the woodland

    patreacrick t neighbor

    Seeley, an Iriservals of ting, transferred

    till tolerable, straigaples, and

    spikes to , and tood he

    time of day, and look fress,

    at tation; th of work, as he said.  he

    o represent spectatordom, and his seemingly

    insignificant event one roy.

    I dug my cellar in to th,

    whrough sumach

    and blackberry roots, and t stain of vegetation, six feet

    square by seven deep, to a fine sand oes  freeze

    in any er.  t s stoned; but

    till keeps its place.

    It  ticular pleasure in this

    breaking of ground, for in almost all latitudes men dig into the

    eartemperature.  Under t splendid house in

    ty is still to be found tore their

    roots as of old, and long after tructure has disappeared

    posterity remark its dent in till but a

    sort of porc trance of a burrow.

    At lengthe help of some of my

    acquaintances, rato improve so good an occasion for

    neigy, I set up the frame of my

    er of his raisers

    tined, I trust, to assist at the raising of

    loftier structures one day.  I began to occupy my h

    of July, as soon as it he boards were

    carefully feat it ly

    impervious to rain, but before boarding I laid tion of a

    c one end, bringing tloads of stones up the hill

    from t ter my hoeing in

    th, doing my

    cooking in t of doors on the

    morning: s more

    convenient and agreeable t stormed before

    my bread

    under to c

    little, but t scraps of paper whe ground, my

    ableclotertainment, in fact

    anshe Iliad.

    It o build still more deliberately

    tance, ion a door, a

    , ure of man, and perchance

    never raising any superstructure until ter reason for

    it temporal necessities even.  the same

    fitness in a mans building  there is in a birds

    building its o.   if men constructed their

    dhemselves and

    families simply and ly enougic faculty would be

    universally developed, as birds universally sing whey are so

    engaged?  But alas! we do like cowbirds and cuckoos, wheir

    eggs in nests w, and craveller

    tering and unmusical notes.  Shall we forever resign

    truction to ter?   does

    arcecture amount to in the mass of men?  I

    never in all my walks came across a man engaged in so simple and

    natural an occupation as building o the

    community.  It is not tailor alone w of a

    man; it is as muc, and the farmer.

    o end? and  does it

    finally serve?  No doubt anot it is

    not t o the exclusion of my

    thinking for myself.

    true, tects so called in try, and I have

    least possessed he idea of making

    arcectural ornaments ruty, and hence

    a beauty, as if it ion to him.  All very well perhaps

    from  of vie only a little better the common

    dilettantism.  A sentimental reformer in arcecture,

    t at tion.  It  a core

    of truts, t every sugarplum, in fact, might

    -- t almonds

    are most  ant,

    t build truly , and let the

    ornaments take care of t reasonable man ever

    supposed t ornaments he skin

    merely -- t tortoise got ted she shell-fish

    its motints, by sucract as tants of

    Broadrinity C a man o do he

    style of arcecture of ortoise  of its

    so try to paint the

    precise color of ue on andard.  t

    out.  urn pale o me

    to lean over timidly o the

    rude occupants ter t of

    arcectural beauty I now see, I know has gradually grown from

    of ties and cer of the

    indweller, w of some unconscious

    trut ever a t for the

    appearance and ional beauty of tined

    to be produced y of

    life.  t interesting dry, as the

    painter kno unpretending, s and

    cottages of t is tants

    y in their surfaces

    merely, eresting will

    be tizens suburban box, when his life shall be as simple and

    as agreeable to tion, and ttle straining

    after effect in tyle of  proportion of

    arcectural ornaments are literally ember gale

    rip t injury to the

    substantials.  t arcecture who have no olives

    nor  if an equal ado  the

    ornaments of style in literature, and tects of our bibles

    spent as mucime about tects of our

    ctres and ts and

    t concerns a man, forsooth, how a few

    sticks are slanted over  colors are daubed

    upon   sense,

    ed t; but t ed out of

    tenant, it is of a piece ructing he

    arcecture of t;carpenterquot; is but another name for

    quot;coffin-maker.quot;  One man says, in o

    life, take up a  your feet, and paint your

    color.  Is  and narrow house?

    toss up a copper for it as well.   an abundance of leisure be

    must ake up a ?  Better paint your

    it turn pale or blush for you.  An

    enterprise to improve tyle of cottage arcecture!  hen you

    my ornaments ready, I hem.

    Before er I built a che sides of my

    o rain,  and

    sappy s slice of the log, whose edges I was

    obliged to straigh a plane.

    I igered en feet wide

    by fifteen long, and eig posts,  and a closet, a

    large rap doors, one door at the end, and

    a brick fireplace opposite.  t cost of my he

    usual price for sucerials as I used, but not counting the work,

    all of whe

    details because very feo tell exactly heir houses

    cost, and feill, if any, te cost of the various

    materials whem:--

    Boards .......................... $ 8.03+, mostly sy boards.

    Refuse shingles for roof sides ...  4.00

    Laths ............................  1.25

    two second-hand windows

    h glass ....................  2.43

    One thousand old brick ...........  4.00

    t was high.

    han I needed.

    Mantle-tree iron .................  0.15

    Nails ............................  3.90

    hinges and screws ................  0.14

    Latch ............................  0.10

    Chalk ............................  0.01

    transportation ...................  1.40  I carried a good part

    ------- on my back.

    In all ...................... $28.12+

    terials, excepting timber, stones, and

    sand, .  I have also a small

    er

    building the house.

    I intend to build me a he main

    street in Concord in grandeur and luxury, as soon as it pleases me

    as muc me no more t one.

    I t tudent wer can

    obtain one for a lifetime at an expense not greater t

    more than is

    becoming, my excuse is t I brag for y rathan for

    myself; and my scomings and inconsistencies do not affect the

    trutatement.  Notanding muc and hypocrisy --

    c difficult to separate from my  for

    ch

    myself in t, it is suco bothe moral and

    pem; and I am resolved t I  ty

    become ttorney.  I o speak a good word

    for trut Cambridge College t of a students

    room, y dollars

    eacion age of building

    ty-t suffers

    the inconvenience of many and noisy neighbors, and perhaps a

    residence in tory.  I cannot but t if we had

    more true s, not only less education would be

    needed, because, forsooth, more would already have been acquired,

    but tting an education

    measure vanisudent requires at

    Cambridge or elseimes as great

    a sacrifice of life as t on both

    sides.  t money is demanded are never

    tudent most s.  tuition, for instance, is

    an important item in term bill, whe far more valuable

    education ing  cultivated of

    emporaries no che mode of founding a

    college is, commonly, to get up a subscription of dollars and cents,

    and to

    its extreme -- a principle h

    circumspection -- to call in a contractor w

    of speculation, and ives actually

    to lay tions, s t are to be are said

    to be fitting t; and for ts successive

    generations o pay.  I t it ter this,

    for tudents, or to be benefited by it, even to

    lay tion tudent wed

    leisure and retirement by systematically shirking any labor

    necessary to man obtains but an ignoble and unprofitable leisure,

    defrauding he experience which alone can make leisure

    fruitful.  quot;But,quot; says one, quot;you do not mean t tudents

    so ead of t;  I do

    not mean t exactly, but I mean somet think a

    good deal like t; I mean t t play life, or study

    it merely, s t this expensive game,

    but earnestly live it from beginning to end.  hs

    better learn to live t once trying t of

    living?  Metheir minds as much as

    matics.  If I  ts and

    sciences, for instance, I  pursue the common course, which

    is merely to send o the neighborhood of some professor, where

    anytised but t of life; -- to

    survey telescope or a microscope, and never h

    ural eye; to study cry, and not learn how his bread is

    made, or mec learn  is earned; to discover new

    satellites to Neptune, and not detect tes in o

    e o be devoured by the

    monsters t sing ters

    in a drop of vinegar.   at the end

    of a monthe ore

    wed, reading as much as would be necessary

    for ttended tures on metallurgy

    at titute in the meanwhile, and had received a Rodgers

    penknife from  likely to cut his

    fingers?...  to my astonis I was informed on leaving college

    t I udied navigation! -- urn down

    t it.  Even tudent

    studies and is taugical economy, w economy of

    living w even sincerely

    professed in our colleges.  t while he is

    reading Adam Smit

    irretrievably.

    As ;modern improvementsquot;;

    t t alive

    advance.  ting compound interest to t

    for ments in them.

    Our inventions are  to be pretty toys,  our

    attention from serious t improved means to an

    unimproved end, an end  too easy to arrive

    at; as railroads lead to Boston or Ne e

    to construct a magnetic telegrapo texas; but Maine and

    texas, it may be, ant to communicate.  Either is

    in suc as t to be introduced to

    a distinguis wed, and one end

    of rumpet  into o say.  As if

    t o talk fast and not to talk sensibly.  e are

    eager to tunnel under tlantic and bring the Old orld some

    o t perc ne will leak

    to t the

    Princess Adelaide er all, the man whose

    rots a mile in a minute does not carry t important

    messages;  an evangelist, nor does ing

    locusts and wild  if Flying Childers ever carried a

    peck of corn to mill.

    One says to me, quot;I  you do not lay up money; you love

    to travel; you migake to Fitcoday and see

    try.quot;  But I am .  I  the

    sest traveller is  goes afoot.  I say to my friend,

    Suppose ry .  tance is ty

    miles; ty cents.  t is almost a days wages.  I

    remember s a day for laborers on this very

    road.  ell, I start no, and get t; I have

    travelled at t rate by togethe

    meanwime

    tomorroo get a

    job in season.  Instead of going to Fitchburg, you will be working

    er part of the railroad reached

    round t I should keep ahead of you; and as for

    seeing try and getting experience of t kind, I should

    o cut your acquaintance altogether.

    Suc, and

    o t is as broad as it is

    long.  to make a railroad round to all mankind

    is equivalent to grading t.  Men have

    an indistinct notion t if tivity of joint

    stocks and spades long enoug length ride somewhere, in

    next to no time, and for not to the

    depot, and tor ss quot;All aboard!quot; whe smoke is

    blo  a few

    are riding, but t are run over -- and it will be called, and

    ;A melanc.quot;  No doubt t last

    hey survive so long,

    but t ticity and desire to

    travel by t time.  t part of ones life

    earning money in order to enjoy a questionable liberty during the

    least valuable part of it reminds me of t to

    India to make a fortune first, in order t  return to

    England and live t.

    at once.  quot;!quot; exclaim a million Irisarting up from all

    ties in t;is not t

    a good t;  Yes, I ansively good, t is, you

    mig I wis

    you could  your time better t.

    Before I finiso earn ten or twelve

    dollars by some  and agreeable meto meet my

    unusual expenses, I planted about two acres and a  and

    sandy soil near it c also a small part h

    potatoes, corn, peas, and turnips.  t contains eleven

    acres, mostly groo pines and he

    preceding season for eig cents an acre.  One

    farmer said t it ;good for not to raise cheeping

    squirrels on.quot;  I put no manure  being the

    o merely a squatter, and not expecting to cultivate so much

    again, and I did not quite  all once.  I got out several cords

    of stumps in plowing, wime,

    and left small circles of virgin mould, easily distinguishable

    ter luxuriance of there.

    t part unmercable wood behind my house,

    and the remainder of my

    fuel.  I o eam and a man for the plowing,

    tgoes for t season

    s, seed, c., $14.72+.  the seed corn was

    given me.  ts anyto speak of, unless you plant

    more t twelve buseen

    busatoes, beside some peas and s corn.  the yellow

    corn and turnips oo late to come to anything.  My whole income

    from the farm was

    $ 23.44

    Deducting tgoes ............  14.72+

    -------

    t .................. $  8.71+

    beside produce consumed and on  time timate was

    made of t on han

    balancing a little grass hings

    considered, t is, considering tance of a mans soul and

    of today, notanding t time occupied by my experiment,

    nay, partly even because of its transient cer, I believe t

    t ter t year.

    t year I did better still, for I spaded up all the land

    he

    experience of bot being in t awed by many

    celebrated  if

    one  only the crop which he raised, and

    raise no more te, and not exc for an insufficient

    quantity of more luxurious and expensive to

    cultivate only a fe it would be co

    spade up t to use oxen to plo, and to select a fresh

    spot from time to time to manure the old, and he could do all

    odd hours

    in t be tied to an ox, or horse, or

    co present.  I desire to speak impartially on this

    point, and as one not interested in the

    present economical and social arrangements.  I

    t anco a house or

    farm, but could follo of my genius, which is a very

    crooked one, every moment.  Beside being better off they

    already, if my house had been burned or my crops had failed, I

    should have been nearly as well off as before.

    I am  to t men are not so muche keepers of herds

    as he freer.

    Men and oxen exc if we consider necessary work only,

    to ly tage, their farm is

    so muc of the exchange work

    in  is no boys play.  Certainly no

    nation t lived simply in all respects, t is, no nation of

    p so great a blunder as to use the labor of

    animals.  true, t likely soon to be a

    nation of pain it is desirable t there

    should be.  however, I should never have broken a horse or bull and

    taken o board for any work  do for me, for fear I

    sy seems

    to be tain t w is one mans

    gain is not anot table-boy has equal cause

    er to be satisfied?  Granted t some public works

    ructed  t man share

    t follo he

    could not  more

    case?  o do, not merely unnecessary or artistic, but

    luxurious and idle ance, it is inevitable

    t a feher

    rongest.  Man t only works

    for t, for a symbol of this, he works for

    t antial houses of

    brick or stone, ty of till measured by

    to wown is

    said to  houses for oxen, cows, and horses

    s, and it is not bes public buildings; but

    this

    county.  It s be by tecture, but w even by

    tract t, t nations so

    commemorate t-Geeta

    t!  toemples are the luxury

    of princes.  A simple and independent mind does not toil at the

    bidding of any prince.  Genius is not a retainer to any emperor, nor

    is its material silver, or gold, or marble, except to a trifling

    extent.  to w end, pray, is so mucone hammered?  In Arcadia,

    ions are

    possessed ion to perpetuate the memory of

    t of one t if

    equal pains aken to smootheir manners?  One

    piece of good sense  as high

    as tter to see stones in place.  the grandeur of

    tone wall

    t bounds an  mans field ted t

    rue end of life.  the religion and

    civilization whenish build splendid

    temples; but y does not.  Most of the

    stone a nation os tomb only.  It buries itself

    alive.  As for to  in them

    so muc t so many men could be found degraded enough

    to spend tructing a tomb for some ambitious booby,

    w would o he

    Nile, and to t possibly invent

    some excuse for t I ime for it.  As for the

    religion and love of art of t is muche same all

    tian temple or the

    United States Bank.  It costs more t comes to.  the mainspring

    is vanity, assisted by tter.  Mr.

    Balcom, a promising young arcect, designs it on the back of his

    Vitruvius,  out to

    Dobson amp; Sons, stonecutters.  y centuries begin to

    look do, mankind begin to look up at it.  As for your high

    tos, town who

    undertook to dig to C so far t, as he

    said, s and kettles rattle; but I t

    I s go out of my o admire the hole which he made.  Many

    are concerned about ts of t and t -- to

    kno, I so know who in

    t build trifling.  But

    to proceed atistics.

    By surveying, carpentry, and day-labor of various other kinds in

    trades as fingers,

    I  months, namely,

    from July 4to Marc, time es were made,

    t counting potatoes, a

    little green corn, and some peas, which I had raised, nor

    considering t  date -- was

    Rice .................... $ 1.73 1/2

    Molasses .................  1.73 C form of the

    saccharine.

    Rye meal .................  1.04 3/4

    Indian meal ..............  0.99 3/4  Chan rye.

    Pork .....................  0.22

    All experiments which failed:

    Flour ....................  0.88  Costs more than Indian meal,

    botrouble.

    Sugar ....................  0.80

    Lard .....................  0.65

    Apples ...................  0.25

    Dried apple ..............  0.22

    S potatoes ...........  0.10

    One pumpkin ..............  0.06

    One ermelon ...........  0.02

    Salt .....................  0.03

    Yes, I did eat $8.74, all told; but I s thus unblushingly

    publis, if I did not kno most of my readers were

    equally guilty  their deeds would look no

    better in print.  t year I sometimes caught a mess of fish

    for my dinner, and once I  so far as to slaughter a woodchuck

    ion, as a

    tartar s sake;

    but t afforded me a momentary enjoyment, notanding a

    musky flavor, I sa t use  make t a good

    practice,  migo have your woodchucks ready

    dressed by tcher.

    Clotal expenses es,

    ttle can be inferred from tem, amounted to

    $ 8.40-3/4

    Oil and some ensils ........  2.00

    So t all tgoes, excepting for washing and

    mending,   of the house, and

    t yet been received -- and these are all and more

    t in t

    of the world -- were

    house ................................. $ 28.12+

    Farm one year ........................... 14.72+

    Food eighs .......................  8.74

    Clotc., eighs ............  8.40-3/4

    Oil, etc., eighs .................  2.00

    -----------

    In all ............................ $ 61.99-3/4

    I address myself noo to

    get.  And to meet this I have for farm produce sold

    $ 23.44

    Earned by day-labor ....................  13.34

    -------

    In all ............................ $ 36.78,

    ed from tgoes leaves a balance of

    $25.21 3/4 on th

    ed, and to be incurred -- and

    on thus

    secured, a comfortable o occupy

    it.

    tatistics, al and tructive

    tain completeness, ain

    value also.  Not rendered some

    account.  It appears from timate, t my food alone

    cost me in money about ty-seven cents a  was, for

    nearly ter t yeast,

    potatoes, rice, a very little salt pork, molasses, and salt; and my

    drink, er.  It  t I should live on rice, mainly, who

    love so o meet tions of

    some inveterate cavillers, I may as ate, t if I dined out

    occasionally, as I al shall have

    opportunities to do again, it ly to triment of my

    domestic arrangements.  But t, being, as I ated,

    a constant element, does not in t affect a comparative

    statement like this.

    I learned from my t it

    incredibly little trouble to obtain ones necessary food, even in

    titude; t a man may use as simple a diet as the animals,

    and yet retain rengtisfactory

    dinner, satisfactory on several accounts, simply off a dish of

    purslane (Portulaca oleracea) whered in my cornfield,

    boiled and salted.  I give tin on account of the savoriness of

    trivial name.  And pray w more can a reasonable man desire,

    in peaceful times, in ordinary noons, t number of

    ears of green s corn boiled, ion of salt?  Even

    ttle variety he demands of

    appetite, and not of  men o suc

    tly starve, not for  of necessaries, but for  of

    luxuries; and I know a good woman w  his

    life because ook to drinking er only.

    t I am treating t rather

    from an economic tetic point of view, and

    venture to put my abstemiousness to test unless he has a

    ocked larder.

    Bread I at first made of pure Indian meal and salt, genuine

    of doors on a shingle or

    tick of timber sa

    to get smoked and to ried flour

    also; but  last found a mixture of rye and Indian meal most

    convenient and agreeable.  In cold  tle

    amusement to bake several small loaves of this in succession,

    tending and turning tian ching

    eggs.  t whey had

    to my senses a fragrance like t of ots, which I

    kept in as long as possible by hs.  I made a

    study of t and indispensable art of bread-making,

    consulting sucies as offered, going back to tive

    days and first invention of the

    s and meats men first reache mildness and

    refinement of t, and travelling gradually doudies

    t accidental souring of t is supposed,

    taugations

    ter, till I came to quot;good, s, aff

    of life.  Leaven, wus

    issue, which is religiously preserved like

    tal fire -- some precious bottleful, I suppose, first brought

    over in ts

    influence is still rising, swelling, spreading, in cerealian billows

    over thfully procured from

    till at lengt the rules, and

    scalded my yeast; by  even this was

    not indispensable -- for my discoveries  by tic

    but analytic process -- and I ted it since, though

    most ly assured me t safe and wholesome bread

    yeast mig be, and elderly people prophesied a speedy

    decay of tal forces.  Yet I find it not to be an essential

    ingredient, and after going  it for a year am still in the

    land of to escape trivialness of

    carrying a bottleful in my pocket, wimes pop and

    discs contents to my discomfiture.  It is simpler and more

    respectable to omit it.  Man is an animal wher

    can adapt o all climates and circumstances.  Neither did I

    put any sal-soda, or oto my bread.  It would

    seem t I made it according to the recipe which Marcus Porcius

    Cato gave about turies before C.  quot;Panem depsticium sic

    facito.  Manus mortariumque bene lavato.  Farinam in mortarium

    indito, aquae paulatim addito, subigitoque pulchre.  Ubi bene

    subegeris, defingito, coquitoque sub testu.quot;  ake to mean,

    -- quot;Make kneaded bread troug

    to trouger gradually, and knead it

    t , and bake it

    under a cover,quot; t is, in a baking kettle.  Not a

    leaven.  But I did not alaff of life.  At one time,

    oo tiness of my purse, I sa for more than a

    month.

    Every New Englander miguffs

    in t depend on distant and

    fluctuating markets for t so far are y and

    independence t, in Concord, fres meal is rarely sold

    in till coarser form are hardly

    used by any.  For t part to tle and

    least no more er cost, at tore.  I saw

    t I could easily raise my buswo of rye and Indian corn,

    for t land, and tter does

    not require t, and grind them in a hand-mill, and so do

    rice and pork; and if I must rated s, I

    found by experiment t I could make a very good molasses either of

    pumpkins or beets, and I kne I needed only to set out a few

    maples to obtain it more easily still, and whese were growing

    I could use various substitutes beside those which I have named.

    quot;For,quot; as thers sang,--

    quot;o sen our lips

    Of pumpkins and parsnips and -tree c;

    Finally, as for salt, t grossest of groceries, to obtain this

    mig occasion for a visit to the seashore, or, if I did

    it altogeter.  I do

    not learn t troubled to go after it.

    trade and barter, so far as my food was

    concerned, and er already, it o get

    clotaloons which I now wear were woven in a

    farmers family -- tue still in

    man; for I to tive as great

    and memorable as t from to the farmer; -- and in a new

    country, fuel is an encumbrance.  As for a at, if I

    permitted still to squat, I mig the same

    price for ed

    dollars and eigs.  But as it  I

    enting on it.

    tain class of unbelievers wimes ask me

    sucions as, if I t I can live on vegetable food

    alone; and to strike at t of tter at once -- for the

    root is faitomed to answer suc I can live on

    board nails.  If t understand t, t understand

    muc I o say.  For my part, I am glad to bear of

    experiments of tried; as t a young man tried for

    a fortnigo live on eeth

    for all mortar.  tribe tried the same and succeeded.

    terested in ts, though a few old

    ed for thirds in

    mills, may be alarmed.

    My furniture, part of

    me not rendered an account -- consisted of a

    bed, a table, a desk, three inches in

    diameter, a pair of tongs and andirons, a kettle, a skillet, and a

    frying-pan, a dipper, a hree

    plates, one cup, one spoon, a jug for oil, a jug for molasses, and a

    japanned lamp.  None is so poor t  on a pumpkin.  t

    is slessness.  ty of suc

    in ts to be aking ture!

    t and I can stand  ture

    a p be aso see

    ure packed in a cart and going up country exposed to the

    lig of empty

    boxes?  t is Spauldings furniture.  I could never tell from

    inspecting suc belonged to a so-called rich man

    or a poor one; ty-stricken.  Indeed,

    the poorer you are.  Each load

    looks as if it contained tents of a dozen sies; and if

    one sy is poor, times as poor.  Pray, for w

    do  to get rid of our furniture, our exuvioe: at

    last to go from to another newly furnished, and leave

    to be burned?  It is traps were

    buckled to a mans belt, and  move over the rough

    country  dragging them -- dragging

    rap.   left ail in trap.  the

    muskrat will gnaw o be free.  No wonder man has

    lost icity.  en  a dead set!  quot;Sir, if I may

    be so bold, ?quot;  If you are a seer,

    he owns, ay, and much

    t ends to disown, beo chen

    furniture and all trumpery w burn, and

    o be o it and making w headway he can.

    I t t a dead set hrough a

    knot-e

    follo feel compassion wrig,

    compact-looking man, seemingly free, all girded and ready, speak of

    ;furniture,quot; as .  quot;But w shall I

    do ure?quot; -- My gay butterfly is entangled in a

    spiders  to have

    any, if you inquire more narrowly you will find ored in

    somebodys barn.  I look upon England today as an old gentleman who

    is travelling  deal of baggage, trumpery which has

    accumulated from long  to

    burn; great trunk, little trunk, bandbox, and bundle.  throw away

    t t least.  It he powers of a well man

    noo take up ainly advise

    a sick one to lay down  an

    immigrant tottering under a bundle wained his all --

    looking like an enormous he nape of his

    neck -- I ied  because t was  because

    to carry.  If I  to drag my trap, I will

    take care t it be a lig nip me in a vital part.

    But perc  never to put ones pao it.

    I  it costs me nothing for

    curtains, for I o s out but the sun and moon, and

    I am  t sour milk

    nor taint meat of mine, nor ure or fade

    my carpet; and if imes too  still

    better economy to retreat beain wure has

    provided, to add a single item to tails of housekeeping.

    A lady once offered me a mat, but as I o spare hin

    time to spare  to s, I

    declined it, preferring to  on the sod before my door.

    It is best to avoid the beginnings of evil.

    Not long since I  at tion of a deacons

    effects, for  been ineffectual:--

    quot;t men do lives after t;

    As usual, a great proportion rumpery wo

    accumulate in  was a dried

    tapeer lying ury in  and

    ot  burned; instead of a

    bonfire, or purifying destruction of tion, or

    increasing of ted to viehem,

    bougransported to ts and

    dust o lie till tates are settled, whey

    art again.  .

    toms of some savage nations might, perchance, be

    profitably imitated by us, for t least go the

    semblance of casting the idea of

    ty or not.  ould it not be

    o celebrate suc;busk,quot; or quot;feast of first

    fruits,quot; as Bartram describes to om of the

    Mucclasse Indians?  quot;oes t; says he,

    quot;s,

    pans, and otensils and furniture, t all

    t clothings, sweep and

    cleanse toh,

    whey

    cast togeto one common  er

    aken medicine, and fasted for the fire in

    toinguis tain from the

    gratification of every appetite and passion wever.  A general

    amnesty is proclaimed; all malefactors may return to to;

    quot;On t, by rubbing dry wood

    togethe public square, from whence every

    ation in to;

    t on ts, and dance and sing

    for t;and ts and

    rejoice owns who have in like

    manner purified and prepared t;

    tised a similar purification at the end of

    every fifty-t it ime for the world

    to come to an end.

    I ruer sacrament, t is, as the

    dictionary defines it, quot;outward and visible sign of an inward and

    spiritual grace,quot; t t they were

    originally inspired directly from o do they

    ion.

    For more tained myself the

    labor of my , by  six weeks in a

    year, I could meet all the whole of my

    ers, as  of my summers, I had free and clear for

    study.  I ried sc my

    expenses ion, or rat of proportion, to my

    income, for I o dress and train, not to say think and

    believe, accordingly, and I lost my time into the bargain.  As I did

    not teac simply for a

    liveliried trade but I found t

    it ake ten years to get under , and t then I

    so tually afraid

    t I mig time be doing w is called a good business.

    to see w I could do for a

    living, some sad experience in conforming to the wishes of friends

    being freso tax my ingenuity, I t often and

    seriously of picking  surely I could do, and its

    small profits migest skill o

    but little -- so little capital it required, so little

    distraction from my ed moods, I foolis.  hile my

    acquaintances  unatingly into trade or the professions, I

    contemplated tion as most like the hills

    all summer to pick ter

    carelessly dispose of to keep tus.  I

    also dreamed t I mighe wild herbs, or carry evergreens

    to suco be reminded of to the

    city, by  loads.  But I  trade curses

    everyt rade in messages from heaven,

    trade attaco the business.

    As I preferred some to others, and especially valued my

    freedom, as I could fare  succeed  wish

    to spend my time in earning rics or oture, or

    delicate cookery, or a yle just

    yet.  If to erruption to acquire

    to use them when acquired, I

    relinquiso t.  Some are quot;industrious,quot; and appear

    to love labor for its o

    of  noto say.  those

    o do hey now enjoy,

    I migo hey

    pay for t their free papers.  For myself I found

    t tion of a day-laborer  independent of

    any, especially as it required only ty or forty days in a year

    to support one.  the

    sun, and o devote o ,

    independent of  es from

    monto monte from one end of to the

    other.

    In s, I am convinced, bot to

    maintain ones self on t a  a pastime,

    if s of the simpler

    nations are still ts of tificial.  It is not

    necessary t a man s of his

    brohan I do.

    One young man of my acquaintance, wed some acres,

    told me t  he

    means.  I   my mode of living on any

    account; for, beside t before  I may have

    found out anot there may be as many

    different persons in t I would have each

    one be very careful to find out and pursue  his

    fatead.  th may

    build or plant or sail, only let  be

    is by a matical

    point only t ive slave

    keeps tar in  t is sufficient guidance for

    all our life.  e may not arrive at our port hin a calculable

    period, but rue course.

    Undoubtedly, in t is true for one is truer still

    for a t proportionally more

    expensive than a small one, since one roof may cover, one cellar

    underlie, and one e several apartments.  But for my

    part, I preferred tary d will commonly

    be co build to convince another of

    tage of the

    common partition, to be muc be a t

    ot keep his side in

    repair.  tion which is commonly possible is

    exceedingly partial and superficial; and tle true

    co-operation t , being a harmony

    inaudible to men.  If a man e h equal

    fait faitinue to live like

    t of tever company o.  to

    co-operate in t as  sense, means to get

    our living toget proposed lately t two young men

    sravel toget money,

    earning , before t and behe plow,

    t.  It o

    see t t long be companions or co-operate, since one

    operate at all.  t at t interesting

    crisis in tures.  Above all, as I he man

    today; but ravels

    till t ot may be a long time before they

    get off.

    But all townsmen

    say.  I confess t I o indulged very little in

    perprises.  I o a sense

    of duty, and among othere

    are ts to persuade me to undertake

    t of some poor family in town; and if I o

    do -- for t for t try my

    some sucime as t.   to

    indulge myself in t, and lay their heaven under an

    obligation by maintaining certain poor persons in all respects as

    comfortably as I maintain myself, and ured so far as

    to make tatingly

    preferred to remain poor.  oed

    in so many o trust t one at

    least may be spared to ots.  You must

    y as hing else.  As for

    Doing-good, t is one of the professions which are full.

    Moreover, I ried it fairly, and, strange as it may seem, am

    satisfied t it does not agree itution.  Probably I

    s consciously and deliberately forsake my particular

    calling to do ty demands of me, to save the

    universe from anniion; and I believe t a like but infinitely

    greater steadfastness else.  But I

    stand between any man and o him who does

    t and soul and life,

    I  doing evil, as it

    is most likely they will.

    I am far from supposing t my case is a peculiar one; no doubt

    many of my readers  doing something

    -- I  engage t my neig good -- I

    do not ate to say t I sal felloo hire;

    but  is, it is for my employer to find out.   good I

    do, in t  be aside from my main

    pat part wended.  Men say,

    practically, Begin w aiming

    mainly to become of more  go

    about doing good.  If I o preac all in train, I

    s about being good.  As if top

    ar

    of tude, and go about like a Robin Goodfellow,

    peeping in at every cottage ics, and tainting

    meats, and making darkness visible, instead of steadily increasing

    and beneficence till ness t

    no mortal can look he meanwhile

    too, going about t, doing it good, or

    ratruer p

    ting good.  on, wiso prove h

    by  but one day, and drove out

    of ten track, he lower

    streets of h, and dried

    up every spring, and made t desert of Saill at length

    Jupiter o t, and the

    sun, t  shine for a year.

    t which arises from goodness

    tainted.  It is  is divine, carrion.  If I knew for a

    certainty t a man o my he conscious

    design of doing me good, I s dry

    and parcs called the simoom, which

    fills t till you are

    suffocated, for fear t I s some of o me

    -- some of its virus mingled his case I

    ural  a good man

    to me because arving, or warm me if

    I s of a ditch if I should ever

    fall into one.  I can find you a Ne will do as

    muc love for ones fello

    sense.   an exceedingly kind and hy man in

    , comparatively speaking, w are a

    o us, if t help us in our

    best estate, o be helped?  I never heard of

    a ping in o do any

    good to me, or the like of me.

    ts e balked by those Indians who, being burned

    at take, suggested neorture to tormentors.

    Being superior to p sometimes c they

    o any consolation whe missionaries could offer;

    and to do as you h less

    persuasiveness on t, did not

    care er a new

    fashey did.

    Be sure t you give t need, t

    be your example whem far behind.  If you give money,

    spend yourself , and do not merely abandon it to them.  e

    make curious mistakes sometimes.  Often t so cold

    and y and ragged and gross.  It is partly his

    taste, and not merely une.  If you give him money, he

    to pity the clumsy

    Iris ice on the pond, in such mean and ragged

    clotidy and somew more

    fass, till, one bitter cold day, one who had slipped

    into ter came to my o warm rip off

    ts and tockings ere  doo

    ty and ragged enoug is true, and

    t o refuse tra garments which I offered

    ra ones.  thing he

    needed.  to pity myself, and I sa it would be a

    greater cy to bestohan a whole

    slop-s the branches of

    evil to one  t, and it may be t he who

    besto amount of time and money on the needy is doing

    t by o produce t misery wrives

    in vain to relieve.  It is ting the

    proceeds of every tento buy a Sundays liberty for the

    rest.  Some so them in

    tc be kinder if they employed

    t of spending a tent of your income

    in cy; maybe you senth

    it.  Society recovers only a tent of ty then.  Is

    to ty of  is found,

    or to tice?

    P tue wly

    appreciated by mankind.  Nay, it is greatly overrated; and it is our

    selfises it.  A robust poor man, one sunny day

    oo me, because, as he

    said, o the kind uncles and

    aunts of teemed ts true spiritual fathers

    and moturer on England, a man of

    learning and intelligence, after enumerating ific,

    literary, and political hies, Shakespeare, Bacon, Cromwell,

    Milton, Ne of ian heroes,

    o a

    place far above all t, as test of t.  they

    he falsehood

    and cant of t  Englands best men and women;

    only, per ps.

    I  subtract anyt is due to

    p merely demand justice for all wheir lives

    and o mankind.  I do not value chiefly a mans

    uprig were, em and

    leaves.  ts of wea

    for t a  employed by

    quacks.  I  t of a man; t some fragrance

    be ed over from o me, and some ripeness flavor our

    intercourse.   not be a partial and transitory act,

    but a constant superfluity, ws hing and of which he

    is unconscious.  ty t itude of sins.

    t too often surrounds mankind he remembrance

    of off griefs as an atmosp sympathy.

    e s our courage, and not our despair, our h and

    ease, and not our disease, and take care t t spread

    by contagion.  From he voice of

    itudes reside to whom we would

    send lig intemperate and brutal man whom we would

    redeem?  If anyt  perform his

    functions, if  is the

    seat of sympats about reforming -- the world.

    Being a microcosm  is a true

    discovery, and o make it -- t the world has been

    eating green apples; to , tself is a

    great green apple,  the

    c is ripe; and straightway his

    drastic p tagonian, and

    embraces thus, by a

    fey, the meanwhile

    using , he cures himself of his

    dyspepsia, t bluss

    c o be ripe, and life loses its

    crudity and is once more s and wo live.  I never

    dreamed of any enormity greater tted.  I never

    knew, and never shan myself.

    I believe t  hy

    ress, but, t son of

    God, is e ail.  Let ted, let the spring come

    to he morning rise over his couch, and he will forsake his

    generous companions  apology.  My excuse for not lecturing

    against tobacco is, t I never c, t is a

    penalty here are

    ture against.  If you

    srayed into any of t let

    your left  your rig is not h

    knoie your srings.  take your

    time, and set about some free labor.

    Our manners ed by communication he

    saints.  Our h a melodious cursing of God and

    enduring  even ts and

    redeemers he hopes of

    man.  there is nowhere recorded a simple and irrepressible

    satisfaction  of life, any memorable praise of God.

    All hdrawn

    it may appear; all disease and failure o make me sad and does

    me evil,  may .

    If, tore mankind by truly Indian, botanic,

    magnetic, or natural means, let us first be as simple and well as

    Nature ourselves, dispel the clouds which hang over our own brows,

    and take up a little life into our pores.  Do not stay to be an

    overseer of t endeavor to become one of thies of

    the world.

    I read in tan, or Flower Garden, of Sheik Sadi of

    S quot;ted

    trees y and umbrageous, they

    call none azad, or free, excepting the cypress, which bears no

    fruit; ery is ts

    appropriate produce, and appointed season, during tinuance of

    w is fresheir absence dry and

    o neitates is the cypress exposed, being

    alhe azads, or religious

    independents. -- Fix not t on t ory; for

    tigris, inue to floer

    tinct: if ty, be liberal

    as te tree; but if it affords noto give away, be an

    azad, or free man, like t;

    COMPLEMENtAL VERSES

    tensions of Poverty

    t presume too mucch,

    to claim a station in t

    Because ttage, or tub,

    Nurses some lazy or pedantic virtue

    In the cheap sunshine or by shady springs,

    its and pot- hand,

    tearing the mind,

    Upon ues flourish,

    Degradeture, and benumbeth sense,

    And, Gorgon-like, turns active men to stone.

    e not require ty

    Of your necessitated temperance,

    Or t unnatural stupidity

    t knows nor joy nor sorrow; nor your forcd

    Falsely exalted passive fortitude

    Above tive.  t brood,

    t fix ts in mediocrity,

    Become your servile minds; but we advance

    Sucues only as admit excess,

    Brave, bounteous acts, regal magnificence,

    All-seeing prudence, magnanimity

    t kno ue

    For y  no name,

    But patterns only, such as hercules,

    Aco thd cell;

    And ened sphere,

    Study to kno hies were.

    t. CARE


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